CARTE REDUITE DES ISLES MALOUINES OU .. ISLES DE FALKLAND 1771

Large-scale nautical chart of the Falkland islands with rhumb lines, soundings and anchorages, detailed chart with depth soundings and the tracks of recent French and English surveys, with coastal profile views at the top. Depot de la Marine issue , by Bellin.

Jacques Nicolas Bellin (1703-1772): French cartographer and engeneer with the Departement de la Marine. Jacques Nicolas Bellin worked for the Depot des Cartes et Plans de la Marine over fifty years. In 1741 he was appointed ingenieur hydrographe de la Marine. Later Bellin become 'Hidrographe du Roy' and a member of the Royal Society in London. In 1764 he published Petit Atlas Maritime in five volumes which contained several hundred maps. Among his other works are maps to l'Abbe Prevost's Histoire Generale des Voyages (1746-1757). Bellin also produced many accurate and finely engraved separately issued maps.

The Dépôt de la Marine, known more formally as the Dépôt des cartes et plans de la Marine, was the central charting institution of France. The centralization of hydrography in France began in earnest when Jean-Baptiste Colbert became First Minister of France in 1661. Under his watch, the first Royal School of Hydrography began operating, as did the first survey of France’s coasts (1670-1689). In 1680, Colbert consolidated various collections of charts and memoirs into a single assemblage, forming the core of sources for what would become the Dépôt.

The Dépôt itself began as the central deposit of charts for the French Navy. In 1720, the Navy consolidated its collection with those government materials covering the colonies, creating a single large repository of navigation. By 1737, the Dépôt was creating its own original charts and, from 1750, they participated in scientific expeditions to determine the accurate calculation of longitude.

In 1773, the Dépôt received a monopoly over the composition, production, and distribution of navigational materials, solidifying their place as the main producer of geographic knowledge in France. Dépôt-approved charts were distributed to official warehouses in port cities and sold by authorized merchants. The charts were of the highest quality, as many of France’s premier mapmakers worked at the Dépôt in the eighteenth century, including Philippe Bauche, Jacques-Nicolas Bellin, Rigobert Bonne, Jean Nicolas Buache, and Charles-François Beautemps-Beaupré.

The Dépôt continued to operate until 1886, when it became the Naval Hydrographic Service. In 1971, it changed names again, this time to the Naval and Oceanographic Service (SHOM). Although its name has changed, its purpose is largely the same, to provide high quality cartographic and scientific information to the France’s Navy and merchant marine.