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Carte Du District Aurifere Du Witwatersrand Transvaal (Afrique du Sud) Par S. Goldmann d'apres le Cadastre officiel du Gouvernement |
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Selling price: $1401
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Description
Mineralogical survey dating from the early years of the mining of the huge gold reefs in the Witwatersrand Basin of South Africa. From the time when these deposits were discovered in 1886, South Africa became one of the world's major gold producers.
The Witwatersrand region, which forms the watershed between the Vaal and Olifants rivers, is c. 5 miles (40 km) wide and extends more than 60 miles (100 km) from west to east in a series of parallel ranges 5,000 to 6,000 ft (1,520--1,830 m) above sea level. The thin bands of gold ("reefs") are mined at depths of up to 10,000 ft (3,050 m). Founded as a mining settlement in 1886, Johannesburg already appears as a sizeable community 9 years later, when this map was published.
The large map (on a scale of 1:47,000) not only marks geological features but also townships and "mynpachts" (mining licenses). In addition to a general map of Transvaal (1:400,000), small inset maps depict the Heidelberg district, Klerksdorp district and the Northern extension, all of which were potentially lucrative parts of the Rand. Also included are a geologic cross-section of the land near Johannesburg and diagrams distinguishing between two types of mining companies --"deep-level" and "outcrop", with the mineral-rich veins highlighted with gold.
In his description of the region, Dupont mentions the estimates made by Counsellor Schmeisser, a special envoy sent by the German government to study the Rand. Schmeisser analyzed the central region of the ridge, which fell under the jurisdiction of one Boer-owned and another British-owned company. He estimated the minimum value of the gold that could be extracted over the coming 30-40 years at more than 7 billion German Marks (nearly 9 billion French francs). Extrapolating to include more of the ridge, Goldman optimistically triples or quadruples this figure.
Colonized by the Boers, Transvaal had become independent in 1881. The discovery of gold attracted many foreigners, especially Britons and Germans. Threatened by the economic success of the Dutch colony, the British settlers on the coast began a campaign of encirclement, hoping to gain control of the gold mines. In 1895, the same year that this map appeared in Paris, the infamous Jameson Raid was instigated against President Paul Kruger, and the increased tension that followed that aborted uprising led shortly thereafter to the Boer War (1899-1902). Henry Dupont published a number of other works on mining in South Africa, specifically analyzing the effects of the war on the Transvaal and the future of mining in the region. (source Martayan Lan)
The map was lithographed by Langonnet & Langlet, Paris.
Reference: OCLC lists one copy at the Bibl. Interuniversitaire Scientifique Jussieu (Paris).
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