Lot #: 17432
Société du Clystère. Robert Macaire philantrope. Vois-tu Bertrand . . . Caricaturana (Plate 2) |
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Description
Translation in English of text title: Robert Macaire, philanthropist. You see, Bertrand... We are moralists in actions (play on words: actions means stocks). .... In actions (stocks) which naturally will cost 250 francs... We will treat the shareholders free of charge: you will purge them and I will bleed them.
Published by Bauger, rue du Croissant 16 (lower left). Printed by Imprimeurs d'Aubert & Cie at Aubert, Place de la Bourse.
Philipon was the author of all the texts of this series. It should be noted that Daumier did not monogram or sign the prints, presumable because Philipon wanted to document his position as author of the texts and as “inventor” of the series.
After the September laws, it was impossible for Daumier to draw political caricatures. A solution had to be found on how the system of the “Juste Milieu” could be attacked without getting political about it. The Robert-Macaire series was the answer.
Macaire personified the clever businessman, who was willing at any time to throw moral and ethical principles overboard for a quick buck. His personality fitted exactly to the period so well described by Alexis de Tocqueville: self-enrichment at all levels and a Government run on shareholders principles. Short-selling, pyramid systems, investments in Californian gold mines and IPOs of non existent companies were the name of the game. Thanks to Macaire and Bertrand, all the little tricks were demonstrated in detail to the public.
Robert Macaire may seem to be a realistic figure, however, one should remember that in reality, he is an artificial personality, created in 1823 by Benjamin Antier for his play „ L’Auberge des Adrets“. The breakthrough came in 1834, when Frédéric Lemaitre used the names of Macaire and his somewhat simple partner Serres-Bertrand for his various comedies in Paris. The figure of Macaire goes back as far as 1371, when - as the legend goes - Aubri de Montdidier, a nobleman from the court of Charles V was assassinated by Macaire. The murder was vindicated by his dog, the only witness of the assassination. A duel between the dog and Macaire, who was armed with a cudgel, should settle the case. The dog killed Macaire, who confessed the murder before he died.This series demonstrates in a rather critical way a new trend in the bourgeoisie during the post-industrial-revolution period of Louis-Philippe: "Doing good and talk about it".
Daumier criticizes the pseudo-humanitarian attitude of the bourgeois towards the victims of industrialization. The population in Paris had doubled within ten years. Unskilled workers from the provinces were attracted to do menial jobs in the city, especially in the flourishing construction industry hoping to find a decent living for their families. The payment was 1 Franc per day.
The French Government, just like the English Government's solution of the "work houses", was facing these problems completely unprepared. Any social aid to lighten the burden of the unqualified workers and their families was out of the question. Limited help came from private charitable organizations as well as the Church. A number of philanthropic societies were established endeavoring to improve their precarious situation.
Often their members' motivation was not entirely based on ethical grounds; frequently complacency as well as fraud and deceit were the real motives behind a so-called philanthropic society.
More about Honoré Daumier [+]
Reference: Daumier Registry 355
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